Abstract
Background: bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease with high incidence in premature neonates with very low birth weight, associated with prolonged need for mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. Its management requires an interdisciplinary approach in which nursing care plays a key role in improving clinical outcomes and reducing long-term complications. Objective: to identify the most effective nursing interventions in neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia through a systematic review of scientific literature published between 2020 and 2025. Methods: a qualitative systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was performed across ten scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Cochrane Library, among others), using DeCS and MeSH descriptors combined with Boolean operators. Original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the STROBE tool, and the studies were grouped into five thematic categories. Results: a total of 46 relevant studies were included. The most effective interventions identified were: early non-invasive ventilation, rational use of postnatal dexamethasone, early administration of caffeine and surfactant, implementation of the kangaroo mother care method, and nurse-led outpatient follow-up. Emerging therapies such as melatonin and sildenafil also showed promising results. The most frequent complications were pulmonary hypertension, delayed psychomotor development, and recurrent hospitalizations due to respiratory infections. Conclusions: evidence-based nursing interventions are essential for the prevention and management of BPD. Standardizing neonatal care, implementing clinical guidelines, and strengthening the nursing role in neonatal units are key strategies to improve the quality of life of affected newborns and reduce the clinical burden of this condition.
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