Evolución del concepto de emoción en el contexto científico: Desde la biología y la cultura, hasta el construccionismo psicológico
Resumen
Considerando el incremento del interés por las emociones en diversos campos de estudio y en la vida cotidiana junto con los importantes avances teóricos de los últimos años, este artículo pretende realizar un análisis y una síntesis de los
aspectos teóricos más relevantes para comprender qué es una emoción.
Se identifican los diferentes componentes de un episodio emocional, como el sentimiento de la emoción, las expresiones faciales, las tendencias a la acción, entre otros y se analizan las diferentes relaciones causales entre estos componentes que proponen algunas de las teorías más relevantes en la actualidad, como la teoría Neurocultural y la Teoría del Acto Conceptual.
Se concluye que las emociones son fenómenos complejos que combinan tanto aspectos biológicos como aspectos culturales y psicológicos, que se relacionan estrechamente con las necesidades psicológicas y con el bienestar. Además, el lenguaje
y los procesos de socialización son claves para lograr una educación emocional que facilite la adaptación social y el bienestar de las personas.
Citas
Adolphs, R. (2002a). Recognizing Emotion From Facial Expressions: Psychological and Neurological Mechanisms. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews. 1(1), 21-62.
Adolphs, R. (2002b). Emoción y conocimiento en el cerebro humano. En Morgado, I. (Edit.).
Emoción y conocimiento: La evolución del cerebro y la inteligencia.
Barcelona: Tusquets.
Anguas-Wong, A.M., & Matsumoto, D. (2007). Reconocimiento de la expresión facial de la emoción en mexicanos universitarios. Revista de Psicología , 25(2), 277–293. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S025492472007000200006&lng=pt&tlng=es
Bandura, A., (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191, Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215
Bandura, A., (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122, American Psychologist, 2, 122-147
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barrett, L. F. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report
ratings of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2),
266–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266
Barrett, L. F. (2006). Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(1), 20–46. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2
Barrett, L. F. (2009). Variety is the spice of life: A psychological constructionist approach to understanding variability in emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 23(7), 1284–1306. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902985894
Barrett, L. F. (2012). Emotions are real. Emotion, 12(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0027555
Barrett, L. F. (2014). The conceptual act theory: A précis. Emotion Review, 6(4), 292–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914534479
Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life the brain and what it means for your health, the law, and human nature. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Buck, R. (1999). The Biological Affects: A Typology. Psychological Review. 106, 301–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.2.301
Coles, N. A., Larsen, J. T., & Lench, H. C. (2019). A meta-analysis of the facial feedback literature: Effects of facial feedback on emotional experience are small and variable. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 610–651. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000194
Damasio, A. (1999). El error de Descartes. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello.
Damasio, A. (2000). Sentir lo que sucede. Cuerpo y emoción en la fábrica de la conciencia. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello.
Damasio, A. (2018). The Strange Order of Things: Life, Feeling, and the Making of Cultures. Pantheon.
Damasio, A., & Carvalho, G.B. (2013). The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 14, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3403
Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. John Murray Collection.
Dolan, R.J. (2002). Emotion, cognition, and behavior. Science, 298, 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1076358
Ekman, P. (1973). Darwin and facial expression; a century of research in review. Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial Expression and Emotion. American Psychologist,48(4), 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.48.4.384
Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell`s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/00332909.115.2.268
Ekman, P. (1999). Basic emotions. In T. Dalgleish & M. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 45–60). John Wiley & Sons.
Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion
Review, 3(4), 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030377
Gendron, M., & Barrett, L.F. (2009). Reconstructing the Past: A Century of Ideas
About Emotion in Psychology. Emotion Review, 1(4), 316–339. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1754073909338877
Gendron, M., Roberson, D., Marietta, J., & Barrett, L. (2014). Perceptions of Emotion
From Facial Expressions Are Not Culturally Universal: Evidence From a Remote
Culture. Emotion, 14(2), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036052
Hoemann, K., & Barrett, B.L. (2018). Concepts dissolve artificial boundaries in the
study of emotion and cognition, uniting body, brain, and mind. Cognition and
Emotion, 33(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1535428
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L. F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830–1849. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hollenstein, T. & Lanteigne, D. (2014). Models and methods of emotional concordance. Biological Psychology, 98(), 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.012
Izard, C. (1991). Emotions, personality, and psychotherapy. The psychology of emotions. Plenum Press. Izard, C. (1994). Innate and Universal Facial Expressions: Evidence from Developmental and Cross-Cultural Research. Psychological Bulletin. 115, 288–299 https://doi.
org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.288.
James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Classics in the history of Psychology. Internet resource developed by Green, C. York University, Toronto, Ontario. (First published in Mind, 9, 188-205.).
James, W. (1890/1994). Principios de Psicología. México. D.F.; Fondo de Cultura Económica. (cap.xxv).
Jack, R. E., Garrod, O.G., Yu, H., Caldara, R. & Schyns, P.G. (2012). Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(19), 7241–7244. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200155109
Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology , 84(3), 0–421. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010
Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2012). The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Experience. psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 917–940. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030811
Lange, J., & Zickfeld, J. (2021). Emotions as Overlapping Causal Networks of Emotion Components: Implications and Methodological Approaches. Emotion Review, 19, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073920988787
Lazarus, R. (1984). On the Primacy of Cognition. American Psychologist, 39(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.124
Lazarus, R. & Lazarus, B. (2000). Pasión y Razón: La comprensión de nuestras emociones.
Paidós.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
LeDoux, J. E., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). The subjective experience of emotion: a fearful view. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.011
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T.D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., Barrett, L.F. (2012). The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35(3), 121–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11000446
Matsumoto, D. & Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Non-Congenitally Blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014037
Meuleman, B., Moors, A., Fontaine, J., Renaud, O., & Scherer, K. (2019). Interaction and threshold effects of appraisal on componential patterns of emotion: A study using cross-cultural semantic data. Emotion, 19(3), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000449
Niedenthal, P. (2008). Emotion Concepts. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland, & L. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 587–600). The Guilford Press.
Russell J. A. (1991a). Culture and the Categorization of Emotions. Psychological Bulletin, 110 (3), pp. 426-450. DOI: 10.1037/0033-0909.110.3.426
Russell, J. A. (1991b). In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.37
Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 102–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102
Russell, J. A. (1995). Facial Expression Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality? Psychological Bulletin, 118(3), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.379
Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.145
Russell, J. A. (2009). Emotion, core affect, and psychological construction. Cognition & Emotion, 23(7), 1259–1283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902809375
Russell, J. & Fernández-Dols, J.M. (1997). What does a facial expression mean? In J. Russell & J.M. Fernández-Dols (eds.), The Psychology of Facial Expression (pp. 3–30). Cambridge University Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory. Basic Psychological Needs in Motivacion, Development and Wellness. Londres: Guilford Press.284 Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 33(1) Artículo de Investigación
Sato, W., Hyniewska, S., Minemoto, K. y Yoshikawa, S. (2019). Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions in Japanese Laypeople. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00259
Scherer, K. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: a component process approach. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (eds), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293–317). Erlbaum.
Scherer, K. R. & Moors, A. (2019). The Emotion Process: Event Appraisal and Component Differentiation. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), annurevpsych-122216-011854–. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011854
Siegel, E., Sands, M., Van den Noortgate, W., Condon, P., Chang, Y., Dy, J., Quigley, K., & Barret, L. (2018). Emotion Fingerprints or Emotion Populations? A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Autonomic Features of Emotion Categories. Psychological Bulletin, 144(4), 343–393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000128
Smith, R., Killgore, W. D. S., & Lane, R. D. (2018). The structure of emotional experience and its relation to trait emotional awareness: A theoretical review. Emotion, 18(5), 670–692.
Tomkins, S. (1962) Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol 1. The positive affects. Springer
Tomkins, S. (1970). Affect as the primary motivational system. In M. B. Arnold (ed.), Feelings and emotions (pp. 101–110). Academic Press.
Tsuchiya, N. & Adolphs, R. (2007). Emotion and consciousness. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 11(4), 0–167. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.005
Vytal, K. y Hamann, S. (2010). Neuroimaging support for discrete neural correlates of basic emotions: A voxelbased meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(12), 2864–2885. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21366
Weiner, B. (1986). An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. Springer-Verlag
Adolphs, R. (2002b). Emoción y conocimiento en el cerebro humano. En Morgado, I. (Edit.).
Emoción y conocimiento: La evolución del cerebro y la inteligencia.
Barcelona: Tusquets.
Anguas-Wong, A.M., & Matsumoto, D. (2007). Reconocimiento de la expresión facial de la emoción en mexicanos universitarios. Revista de Psicología , 25(2), 277–293. http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S025492472007000200006&lng=pt&tlng=es
Bandura, A., (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change, doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191, Psychological review, 84(2), 191-215
Bandura, A., (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency, doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122, American Psychologist, 2, 122-147
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barrett, L. F. (2004). Feelings or words? Understanding the content in self-report
ratings of emotional experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2),
266–281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.266
Barrett, L. F. (2006). Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10(1), 20–46. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr1001_2
Barrett, L. F. (2009). Variety is the spice of life: A psychological constructionist approach to understanding variability in emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 23(7), 1284–1306. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902985894
Barrett, L. F. (2012). Emotions are real. Emotion, 12(3), 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0027555
Barrett, L. F. (2014). The conceptual act theory: A précis. Emotion Review, 6(4), 292–297. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914534479
Barrett, L. F. (2017). How emotions are made: The secret life the brain and what it means for your health, the law, and human nature. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Buck, R. (1999). The Biological Affects: A Typology. Psychological Review. 106, 301–336. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.2.301
Coles, N. A., Larsen, J. T., & Lench, H. C. (2019). A meta-analysis of the facial feedback literature: Effects of facial feedback on emotional experience are small and variable. Psychological Bulletin, 145(6), 610–651. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000194
Damasio, A. (1999). El error de Descartes. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello.
Damasio, A. (2000). Sentir lo que sucede. Cuerpo y emoción en la fábrica de la conciencia. Santiago de Chile: Andrés Bello.
Damasio, A. (2018). The Strange Order of Things: Life, Feeling, and the Making of Cultures. Pantheon.
Damasio, A., & Carvalho, G.B. (2013). The nature of feelings: evolutionary and neurobiological origins. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 14, 143–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3403
Darwin, C. (1872). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. John Murray Collection.
Dolan, R.J. (2002). Emotion, cognition, and behavior. Science, 298, 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1076358
Ekman, P. (1973). Darwin and facial expression; a century of research in review. Academic Press.
Ekman, P. (1993). Facial Expression and Emotion. American Psychologist,48(4), 384–392. https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066x.48.4.384
Ekman, P. (1994). Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: A reply to Russell`s mistaken critique. Psychological Bulletin, 115(2), 268–287. https://doi.org/10.1037/00332909.115.2.268
Ekman, P. (1999). Basic emotions. In T. Dalgleish & M. Power (Eds.), Handbook of cognition and emotion (pp. 45–60). John Wiley & Sons.
Ekman, P., & Cordaro, D. (2011). What is meant by calling emotions basic. Emotion
Review, 3(4), 364–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073911410740
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1971). Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 17(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030377
Gendron, M., & Barrett, L.F. (2009). Reconstructing the Past: A Century of Ideas
About Emotion in Psychology. Emotion Review, 1(4), 316–339. https://doi.
org/10.1177/1754073909338877
Gendron, M., Roberson, D., Marietta, J., & Barrett, L. (2014). Perceptions of Emotion
From Facial Expressions Are Not Culturally Universal: Evidence From a Remote
Culture. Emotion, 14(2), 251–262. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036052
Hoemann, K., & Barrett, B.L. (2018). Concepts dissolve artificial boundaries in the
study of emotion and cognition, uniting body, brain, and mind. Cognition and
Emotion, 33(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2018.1535428
Hoemann, K., Xu, F., & Barrett, L. F. (2019). Emotion words, emotion concepts, and emotional development in children: A constructionist hypothesis. Developmental Psychology, 55(9), 1830–1849. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000686
Hollenstein, T. & Lanteigne, D. (2014). Models and methods of emotional concordance. Biological Psychology, 98(), 1–5. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.012
Izard, C. (1991). Emotions, personality, and psychotherapy. The psychology of emotions. Plenum Press. Izard, C. (1994). Innate and Universal Facial Expressions: Evidence from Developmental and Cross-Cultural Research. Psychological Bulletin. 115, 288–299 https://doi.
org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.288.
James, W. (1884). What is an emotion? Classics in the history of Psychology. Internet resource developed by Green, C. York University, Toronto, Ontario. (First published in Mind, 9, 188-205.).
James, W. (1890/1994). Principios de Psicología. México. D.F.; Fondo de Cultura Económica. (cap.xxv).
Jack, R. E., Garrod, O.G., Yu, H., Caldara, R. & Schyns, P.G. (2012). Facial expressions of emotion are not culturally universal. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(19), 7241–7244. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1200155109
Kreibig, S. D. (2010). Autonomic nervous system activity in emotion: A review. Biological Psychology , 84(3), 0–421. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.010
Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., Russell, J. A., & Barrett, L. F. (2012). The Relation Between Valence and Arousal in Subjective Experience. psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 917–940. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030811
Lange, J., & Zickfeld, J. (2021). Emotions as Overlapping Causal Networks of Emotion Components: Implications and Methodological Approaches. Emotion Review, 19, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073920988787
Lazarus, R. (1984). On the Primacy of Cognition. American Psychologist, 39(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.39.2.124
Lazarus, R. & Lazarus, B. (2000). Pasión y Razón: La comprensión de nuestras emociones.
Paidós.
Lazarus, R., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
LeDoux, J. E., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). The subjective experience of emotion: a fearful view. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 19, 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.09.011
Lindquist, K. A., Wager, T.D., Kober, H., Bliss-Moreau, E., Barrett, L.F. (2012). The brain basis of emotion: a meta-analytic review. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 35(3), 121–43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11000446
Matsumoto, D. & Willingham, B. (2009). Spontaneous Facial Expressions of Emotion of Congenitally and Non-Congenitally Blind individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(1), 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014037
Meuleman, B., Moors, A., Fontaine, J., Renaud, O., & Scherer, K. (2019). Interaction and threshold effects of appraisal on componential patterns of emotion: A study using cross-cultural semantic data. Emotion, 19(3), 425-442. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000449
Niedenthal, P. (2008). Emotion Concepts. In M. Lewis, J. Haviland, & L. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (pp. 587–600). The Guilford Press.
Russell J. A. (1991a). Culture and the Categorization of Emotions. Psychological Bulletin, 110 (3), pp. 426-450. DOI: 10.1037/0033-0909.110.3.426
Russell, J. A. (1991b). In defense of a prototype approach to emotion concepts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.37
Russell, J. A. (1994). Is there universal recognition of emotion from facial expression? A review of the cross-cultural studies. Psychological Bulletin, 115(1), 102–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102
Russell, J. A. (1995). Facial Expression Emotion: What Lies Beyond Minimal Universality? Psychological Bulletin, 118(3), 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.379
Russell, J. A. (2003). Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion. Psychological Review, 110(1), 145–172. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.110.1.145
Russell, J. A. (2009). Emotion, core affect, and psychological construction. Cognition & Emotion, 23(7), 1259–1283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930902809375
Russell, J. & Fernández-Dols, J.M. (1997). What does a facial expression mean? In J. Russell & J.M. Fernández-Dols (eds.), The Psychology of Facial Expression (pp. 3–30). Cambridge University Press.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-Determination Theory. Basic Psychological Needs in Motivacion, Development and Wellness. Londres: Guilford Press.284 Logos: Revista de Lingüística, Filosofía y Literatura 33(1) Artículo de Investigación
Sato, W., Hyniewska, S., Minemoto, K. y Yoshikawa, S. (2019). Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions in Japanese Laypeople. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 259-270. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00259
Scherer, K. (1984). On the nature and function of emotion: a component process approach. In K. Scherer & P. Ekman (eds), Approaches to emotion (pp. 293–317). Erlbaum.
Scherer, K. R. & Moors, A. (2019). The Emotion Process: Event Appraisal and Component Differentiation. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), annurevpsych-122216-011854–. doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011854
Siegel, E., Sands, M., Van den Noortgate, W., Condon, P., Chang, Y., Dy, J., Quigley, K., & Barret, L. (2018). Emotion Fingerprints or Emotion Populations? A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Autonomic Features of Emotion Categories. Psychological Bulletin, 144(4), 343–393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/bul0000128
Smith, R., Killgore, W. D. S., & Lane, R. D. (2018). The structure of emotional experience and its relation to trait emotional awareness: A theoretical review. Emotion, 18(5), 670–692.
Tomkins, S. (1962) Affect, imagery, consciousness. Vol 1. The positive affects. Springer
Tomkins, S. (1970). Affect as the primary motivational system. In M. B. Arnold (ed.), Feelings and emotions (pp. 101–110). Academic Press.
Tsuchiya, N. & Adolphs, R. (2007). Emotion and consciousness. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 11(4), 0–167. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.01.005
Vytal, K. y Hamann, S. (2010). Neuroimaging support for discrete neural correlates of basic emotions: A voxelbased meta-analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(12), 2864–2885. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21366
Weiner, B. (1986). An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion. Springer-Verlag
Autores/as
Gonzáles-Arias , M. . (2023). Evolución del concepto de emoción en el contexto científico: Desde la biología y la cultura, hasta el construccionismo psicológico. Logos: Revista De Lingüística, Filosofía Y Literatura, 33(2). https://doi.org/10.15443/RL3315
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
