Historia de la Utilización de Medidas Coercitiva en la Atención Psiquiátrica en Canadá Durante los Periodos de Pre Institucionalización e Institucionalizados
Resumen
Este artículo presenta una visión histórica de la utilización de medidas coercitivas como medio para controlar el actuar y la violencia en las instituciones psiquiátricas en los períodos pre - institucionales e institucionales de atención de salud mental en Canadá, (mediados de los años 1800s - 1970s). Se exploran las prácticas y los resultados, que incluían la reclusión, la hidroterapia, quirúrgico, químico y restricciones físicas.
Los tratamientos considerados eficaces durante el período, también tuvieron efectos adversos pero lo más importante es que se utilizaron de manera coercitiva contra los pacientes. La evidencia será proporcionada para apoyar esto.
El advenimiento de la aplicación de la psicología en el siglo XX , a la práctica clínica y la introducción de la enseñanza de enfermería psiquiátrica es discutido brevemente en relación con el tema. Por último, el artículo habla brevemente de las tendencias y prácticas actuales en la atención de salud mental, tomando nota de la reducción significativa en el uso de medidas coercitivas en el período post- institucional.
Citas
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doi:10.1155/2013/184024.
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Issues 17 - Evidence for June 5, 2003. Available from: http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/372/soci/17evbe.htm?Languag
e=E&Parl=37&Ses=2&comm_id=47
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ca/Default.aspx?portlet=StaticHtmlViewerPortlet&plang=1&ptdi=153
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nursing interventions. Port Moody: College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of British Columbia; 2008. Available from: http://www.
crpnbc.ca
27.-Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada. The Profession. Edmonton: Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada; 2014. Available from:
http://www.rpnc.ca/profession The author accepts sole responsibility for the contents of this article and the material does not
reflect the policy of the journal.
2.- Kirby, M. J. and Keon, W.J.Chapter 7: Mental Health Service Delivery And Addiction Treatment In Canada: An Historical Perspective. In Mental Health, Mental Illness and Addiction: Overview of Policies and Programs in Canada, Report1 -part 3 - service delivery and government policy in the field of mental illness and addiction. Interim Report of The Standing Senate Committee On Social Affairs, Science And Technology. Ottawa: Parliament of Canada; 2004. Available from:http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/381/soci/rep/report1/repintnov04vol1-e.pdf
3.-Symonds-Brown, H. Ch. 2 - Historical overview of psychiatric mental health nursing. In Halter, M. J: Varcolis’s Canadian psychiatric mental health nursing: a clinical approach. 1st Canadian Edition. Pollard, C., Ray, S., and Haase, M., Canadian Editors. Toronto: Elsevier Canada;2014.
4.-Morrissey, J. P. Care and Treatment of the Mentally Ill in the United States: Historical Developments and Reforms. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science.1986;March:484: 12-27.
5.-Goldner, E., Jenkins, E., Palma, J. and Bilsker, D. A concise introduction to mental health in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press
Inc.; 2011.
6.- Moran, J. A Short History of Care and Treatment in Canada. History of Madness and Mental Illness.Canada; 2009.Available from: http://historyofmadness.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=80&Itemid=109&lang=envv
7.-Sussman, S. The first asylums in Canada: a response to neglectful community care and trends. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry.1998
43:260-264.
8.-Grob, G. N. Mental institutions in America: social policy to 1875. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers; 2008.
9.-Dyck, N., Fenton, L., George, H. Klymkiw, K., LaBlance, R., Leifso, J.N, Ma, M. Malek, S., Maloney, S., McCracken, K., Nelligan, M., Robertson, A., Robinson, M., Rodger, D. W., Tran, V. Restoring Perspective: life and treatment at the London Asylum. London: Digital Archives, University of Western Ontario; 2009. Available from:www.lib.uwo.ca/archives/virtualexhibits/londonasylum
10.-Meertens, A. (2001): The new eugenics: psychiatry and mental health in post-World War II Canada. In Open Access Dissertations and
Thesis 5-1-2001. Hamilton: Digital Commons, McMaster University; 2001. Available from: http://digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca/cgi/
viewcontent.cgi?article=5130&context=opendissertations
11.-McLaren, A. The creation of a haven for ‘human thoroughbreds’: the sterilization of the feebleminded and mentally ill in British Columbia. Canadian Historical Review.1986; VOL. 77, No.2.
12.-Rossiter, K., Clarkson, A. Opening Ontario’s “Saddest Chapter:” A Social History of Huronia Regional Centre . Canadian Journal
of Disability Studies. 2013;2, (3). Available from: http://cjds.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/cjds/article/view/99/153
13.- Davis, S. Community mental health care in Canada: policy, theory and practice. Vancouver:UBC Press; 2011.
14.-Osler, W. Moral therapy and the problem of morale. American Journal of Psychiatry.1997; 134(3).
15.-McCallum, D. The Need to Know: an administrative review of Woodlands School. Report to the Ministry of Children and Family Development. Victoria: Government of British Columbia; 2001. Available from: http://www.bccpd. bc.ca/docs/the_need_to_know.pdf
16.-Seeman, M. V. Personal accounts: an account of multiple psychiatric hospitalizations in the 1960s. Psychiatric Services.2001; 53(2).
17.- Abrams, R. Electroconvulsive therapy. 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press; 2002.
18.-Enns, M. and Reiss, J. P. Electroconvulsive Therapy. Canadian Psychiatric Association; 2001. Available from: https://ww1.cpa-apc.org/
Publications/Position_Papers/Therapy.asp
19.-McKague, C. Shock and the law. Paper presented to the Canadian Bar Association - Ontario Health Law Division, Nov. 6, 1984. Available from: the History of Madness website, http://historyofmadness.ca/images/stories/HoMArchives/Really%20ready%20to%20upload/well-being/PR_85_5-2_Shock_and_the_Law.pdf
20.- Simmons ,H.G. Psychosurgery and the abuse of psychiatric authority in Ontario. Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law. 1987;12(3);537-550. doi: 10.1215/03616878-12-3-537.
21.-Smith, M. and Khanlou, N. An Analysis of Canadian Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing through the Junctures of History, Gender, Nursing Education, and Quality of Work Life in Ontario, Manitoba, Alberta, and Saskatchewan. ISRN Nurs. 2013;2013: article ID 184024.
doi:10.1155/2013/184024.
22.-Mittenberger, R. Behavior modification, principles and procedures. Stamford: Cengage Learning; 2011.
23.-Emmanuel, L.L., Hain, A., Combes, J.R., Hatlie, M.J., Karsh, B,. Lau, D.T., Shalowitz, J., Shaw, T., Walton, M., eds. Module 13d: Mental Health care: seclusion and restraint: when all else fails. In The Patient Safety Education Program- Canada (PSEP - Canada) Curriculum. Ottawa: PSEP-Canada Project; 2010. Available from: http://www.patientsafetyinstitute.ca/English/education/PatientSafetyEducationProject/PatientSafetyEducationCurriculum/MentalHealthModules/Documents/Module%2013d%20Seclusion%20and%20Restraint.pdf
24.- Bourget, D. Proceedings of the standing senate committee on social affairs, science and technology. Ottawa: Parliament of Canada,
Issues 17 - Evidence for June 5, 2003. Available from: http://www.parl.gc.ca/Content/SEN/Committee/372/soci/17evbe.htm?Languag
e=E&Parl=37&Ses=2&comm_id=47
25.- CNANURSEONE.ca: Specialty certification. Canadian Nurses’ Association of Canada (no date). Available from: http://www.nurseone.
ca/Default.aspx?portlet=StaticHtmlViewerPortlet&plang=1&ptdi=153
26.- College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of British Columbia. Position statement – the use of restraint and seclusion as psychiatric
nursing interventions. Port Moody: College of Registered Psychiatric Nurses of British Columbia; 2008. Available from: http://www.
crpnbc.ca
27.-Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada. The Profession. Edmonton: Registered Psychiatric Nurses of Canada; 2014. Available from:
http://www.rpnc.ca/profession The author accepts sole responsibility for the contents of this article and the material does not
reflect the policy of the journal.
Autores/as
Beryll Hull, M. (2014). Historia de la Utilización de Medidas Coercitiva en la Atención Psiquiátrica en Canadá Durante los Periodos de Pre Institucionalización e Institucionalizados. Cuidados De Enfermería Y Educación En Salud, 1(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.15443/ceyes.v1i1.423
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