Abstract
Background
Obesity is a multifactorial disease that has reached pandemic proportions and is characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue, primarily in the abdominal region. Individuals with obesity present with low-grade chronic inflammation (LGCI). Current scientific evidence suggests that LGCI can be attenuated through the benefits of regular physical exercise, which are attributed to its ability to reduce the concentrations of certain pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein.
Objective
To analyze the available evidence on the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the modulation of LGCI in individuals with obesity, as well as to examine dosing and prescription criteria.
Methods
A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, considering studies published up to January 2026 in the English language. Clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses involving adults with overweight or obesity that evaluated the effects of HIIT on inflammatory markers were included.
Conclusion
HIIT emerges as a promising strategy for the modulation of LGCI in individuals with obesity. However, heterogeneity in protocols limits the standardization of its prescription; therefore, more precise methodological frameworks are required to guide its safe and effective application in clinical populations.
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