Logos: Journal of Linguistics, Philosophy and Literature

"Writing from no language": Henri Michaux's signs in motion.

Megumi Andrade Kobayashi — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This essay addresses Mouvements (1952), Saisir (1979) and Par des traits (1984) by the Belgian poet and painter Henri Michaux (1899-1984). Based on an analysis of these books, I propose that the signs that compose them resist both figuration and the usual conventions of verbal language, a phenomenon that goes hand in hand with a particular research to generate a sense of movement and dynamism. As my study demonstrates, the signs of these works display a gestural, corporal and kinetic dimension of writing.

The meaning of life: between contradiction and absurd. (Antinomy of the meaning of life in modern naturalism)

Sergey Aleksandrovich Lokhov , Dmitry Valerjevich Mamchenkov — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The article attempts to systematize existing approaches to the problem of the meaning of human life. Within the framework of the well-known division into nihilism, supernaturalism and naturalism, analysis of meaning is carried out, which is illustrated by the thought experiment Save Sisyphus. Existing naturalistic approaches are systematized on several grounds, as a result of which
the antinomy of the meaning of life is demonstrated. The authors suggest a way of overcoming this antinomy: if naturalism wants to continue the discussion about the meaning of life, it will require changing the paradigm of the search for the meaning of life to the search for the aim of life.

Discursive ethos of the native peoples’ representatives in the Chilean Constitutional Convention

Eirini Chatzikoumi — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

In Chile, between 2020 and 2022, the first proposal for a new constitution was written by the Constitutional Convention (CC), an organ with 155 representatives voted by the Chilean people.
The CC was characterised by gender parity as well as seventeen seats reserved for representatives of ten native peoples. In the opening discourses delivered in a CC session, all the representativesexpressed their motivations and expectations regarding the new constitution. These discourses offer us an opportunity to explore the different ways of constructing identities used by the native peoples’representatives as new political actors. We, thereby, pose the question: what is the discursive ethos
of the native peoples’ representatives at the Chilean CC in their opening discourses?

In order to answer it, we analysed the seventeen opening discourses delivered by the native peoples’ representatives. We characterised their ethos by identifying the features of shown ethos, expressed ethos and previous ethos, as well as the communicators and the addressees of each utterance. It is a descriptive study in the field of Discourse Analysis. According to the results, the ethos that stands out is one of fighters who claim and strongly hold native peoples’ values, as well as an ethos of victims.

Pragmatic reasoning of scalar implicatures of quantifiers and determinants: comparison between algunos and ciertos

Víctor Julián Vallejo Zapata, Renato Zambrano Cruz — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The relationship between quantifiers and determinants is a topic of interest for both grammar and pragmatics. From a grammatical perspective, there is currently controversy about the use of determinants, such as the term ciertos, in quantifying function.

The present study seeks to provide empirical evidence to this issue, from an experimental pragmatic perspective. For this purpose, a protocol was adapted. This protocol has investigated the inferences generated in the listeners in quantification statements, such as sentence Algunos elefantes son mamíferos, which can be interpreted as algunos, pero no todos or as algunos y posiblemente todos. A forced choice task was presented that alternated subinformative sentences governed by the term Algunos and the term Ciertos.

The results allow us to establish that Spanish users process both terms in an equivalent manner, without distinguishing the grammatical categories of quantifiers and determinants.

Old Woman, New Woman. Pioners of the Korean Feminist Movement

Gloria Luque Moya — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The beginning of the feminist movements in Korea is usually associated with the arrival of modernity, understood as the opening to new ideas that came from abroad. In opposition to the oppressive neo-Confucian system, some pioneers rose up and promoted a set of reforms that would lead to equality between men and women.

This article offers an approach to the ideal of a new woman that Kim Wonju and Na Hye-seog defended through their biography and work.

The Shroud as a Metaphor, the Appreciation and Aestheticization of the Intimate and the Domestic in La Amortajada by María Luisa Bombal"

Ana María Rodríguez Sierra — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

María Luisa Bombal is one of the most renowned Chilean writers; her avant-garde writing marks a turning point in the history of Chilean literature, and her novel *La Amortajada* is considered groundbreaking in the Latin American context. Given this, we revisit the novel to analyze it in light of the present and renew its reading. To do so, we focus on the intimate and the domestic, which, although evident themes in the novel, have often been regarded in critical studies as aspects that reflect stereotypical and patriarchal views of femininity. Here, however, we aim to show how these spaces, historically associated with women, are valued and aestheticized by Bombal.

We demonstrate that *La Amortajada* is, in itself, a way of speaking about femininity by embodying it in spaces that are not merely oppressive. Additionally, we explore how the shroud can be understood as a metaphor that the author uses to challenge the religious, social, and cultural boundaries that constrained women in her time. Ultimately, this paper draws attention once again to a fertile text that still allows us to reflect on femininity from multiple perspectives and meanings.

Alfredo Gómez Morel: the vita flumen of a writer on the brink

Juan D. Cid Hidalgo, Francisca Pinto Inzunza — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The objective of this article is to make visible the Chilean novel El río (1962) by the Chilean writer and criminal Alfredo Gómez Morel (1917-1984), a text that is enigmatic due to its
publishing success in the 1960s despite dealing with sordid themes through visceral language and without concessions. In these pages we will give an account, around the "ugly realism", of the way in which the narrator (Gómez Morel's alter ego) displays the disgust, the abject and miserable of
the environment that supports an aesthetic conception, and, therefore, political (Rancière, 2011), dissident, full of nuances and gray scales. The river, as a system in permanent movement, is a place that contrasts with neighborhood spaces where it is possible to address the lack of opportunities to face the future in a different way; However, the "world of the river" is a seductive space, whose own norms, laws and codes dress it as a borderline, marginal, miserable and rebellious place from
where centripetal power can be resisted.

A “dependent autonomy”: new and old disputes on “social” literature

Rosa Benéitez Andrés — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The dispute about the political potential of literary practice is once again in evidence with the current and increasingly recurrent alliance between identity politics, art and cultural industry.
Despite the relative novelty of these formulas, within the literary field, the terms of the debate around the relations between artistic practice and society continue to refer to one of its most influential and controversial moments: the second half of the last century. For this reason, this article uses the aesthetic-artistic Theory of Theodor W. Adorno with the aim of pointing out which of his approaches
are still valid when thinking about the uses and politics of literature.

Finding the meaning of the human: a hermeneutics of vulnerability

María Dolores Conesa Lareo — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Levinas searches for the meaning of humanity through an analysis of sociality, or intersubjective relationships. In the end, he feels encouraged to surpass the limits of objective knowledge that when formalized, annul the individuality of things and the transcendence of otherness, which exercises domination over the other. Instead, he proposes to reach the other by a relationship, that by inverting cognitive intentionality, displaces the power and lets the other be, while respecting their absolute transcendence.

This relationship with the other is the essence of ethical relationship and consists in recognizing the weakness, vulnerability, and dignity of the other until reaching the extreme of dying for them. The face of the other is a plea that demands that I be.

The ontology of beauty as an existential paradigm in Oscar Wilde

Carmen Romero Sánchez-Palencia — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The article shows that Oscar Wilde's life and work can only be understood through the ideal of beauty. As an ideal that resides in the connection between the existing and the artists, this ideal makes the world habitable. Likewise, Wilde's legacy responds to a fecund philosophical- hermeneutic discourse that extends beyond the modern era in which it was conceived, influencing today's postmodern world. This is analysed on the concepts of truth and falsehood present in the author's artistic and existential theory, which in turn reflects the intrinsic link between the writer and his legacy.

The pedagogical drive of Nietzschean hermeneutical physiology: The magisterium of Zorba the Greek

Joaquín Esteban Ortega — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

When the body is the interlocutor of life, there is no other possible option than the affirmation of everything, even of the negativity of what we lack.

The present work intends to show how for Nietzsche the deepest forces of vital impulses begin in this initial physiological mutism and derive in the tragic and bottomless demand of hermeneutic condemnation. Contrary to what it might seem, there is in his thought a hierarchy of drives linked to the appropriate cadence of the choreographic. Dance could be understood as the physiological pedagogy of the will to power for anyone who laughs riskily and who frees himself from the reductive moral manichaeism of conscience. Only the seriousness of laughter, without ever intending it, can become an educational testimony for others. The way in which we can best understand this is by looking at the unconscious magisterium of Kazantzakis' old Zorba.

Between Tedium and Anguish: An Ontological Commentary on Nothingness in Heideggerian Philosophy

Arturo Alberto Cardozo Beltrán — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This paper intends to argue that one aspect that characterizes hermeneutics is a certain positionality or subjective disposition towards truth. That is, in philosophies that are usually categorized as hermeneutic there are at least three existential definitions towards truth: it exists, and we (humans) have the possibility of accessing it (i); the human being is finite and precarious, so that total access to truth is impossible (ii); this, however, does not lead to relativism, but rather demands from the individual a subjective disposition towards truth characterized by an existential openness towards it, as well as effort and commitment in its search. The latter has been understood by some authors as an ethical requirement. Given the amplitude of the subject, in this article we will limit our
discussion to two authors, namely Luigi Pareyson and Hans Georg-Gadamer.

"Animality, otherness, and immortality in ‘‘The Immortal’’

Juan Pablo Jorge , Eduardo Veteri, Federico Biafore — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

In this paper, we analyze Borges' short story The Immortal, paying special attention to the situations where issues related to animality and divinity are intertwined, or treated without differentiating them too much. We maintain that this confusion or lack of precision in dealing with
issues so far away from personal identity and the Self, such as immortality, is not a casual or unfounded element, but can be analyzed philosophically by entering the animal otherness. The Immortal illustrates that philosophy may have been insufficiently precise in its treatment of otherness, allowing that animality and divinity, or rather certain characteristic properties of each, can be
amalgamated within the boundaries of this concept. The fact that Borges' tale so characteristically makes inaction coexist with immortality makes this work an obligatory object of reflection for all those interested in the concept of otherness.

Hermeneutics as ethical positionality vis-à-vis truth: between Gadamer and Pareyson

Constanza Giménez Salinas , Diego Pérez Lasserre — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Diálogo entre Maniqueísmo, literatura y filosofía en el joven Agustín

Claudio Calabrese , Ethel Beatriz Junco — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

We work on the dialogue between literature, philosophy, and Manichaeism in Book IV of Confessions; we refer to the pact that sustains an autobiographical account and its different levels of the narrator and (already as a first contribution on our part) to the ways in which the religious experience of an absolute dualism required a philosophical dualism that expressed the principles of the mythical account.

The rhetorical device of a self-reflexive narrator allows us to move from the consideration of the present implied by the Confessions to the past of his nineteen years (Liberal Arts -Stoicism, Pythagoreanism, Virgil, Cicero and Aristotle- and Manichaeism), et retour, starting from the horizon of eternity that is God; the second part of our contribution lies in following the way in which this temporal structure is embodied in the story (recourse to the adverb tunc and the imperfect tense), with reference to De Pulchro et Apto). From the methodological point of view, we carry out a philological analysis, that is, a reading of the narrative disposition in reference to Late Antiquity's cultural contents.

Defending the Great Conversation. Leo Strauss and the philosophical foundations of a liberal education based on the reading of the great books.

Jordi Feixas i Roigé — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Following the proposal of the recent book by José María Torralba, Una educación liberal. Elogio de los grandes libros, this article aims to offer a defense of liberal education, focusing on a fundamental aspect: the philosophical foundations of this type of education. To do so, we will devote the following reflection to the thought of political philosopher Leo Strauss (1899-1973), focusing on the present importance we can confer to the reading of the works of the past. By doing so, we want to contribute to the understanding of the controversial thought of Leo Strauss, which, in turn, means to take part in the recovery of philosophy in its original sense.

The awakenings and learning of a child in The Dethroned Prince by Miguel Delibes

Beatriz Peña Acuña — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This article reports on a qualitative analysis of the discourse in 1973 novel The Dethroned Prince written by Miguel Delibes. Frequencies of categories and codes are sought, trying to identify planes and the relationship between them. Through this content analysis, it was possible to identify a scale of content levels and the relationship established among them, as well as to be linked to autobiographical facets of the author. The main contributions consist of discovering the relevance that the writer gave to family relationships in terms of the child's attachment and manifestations such as bedwetting due to restlessness. This information and this kind of approach is relevant to deepen the Delibian constants.

Richard Rorty and the critique of the normativity of language.

Vicente Raga Rosaleny — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The present article will review some of Richard Rorty's arguments in favor of the elimination or reduction of the concept of truth, especially regarding its normative dimension. First, I will outline Rorty's proposal, and then show some of the most significant objections to his suggestion to transform the search for objectivity into an attempt to broaden solidarity. Subsequently, I will present some of the arguments in favor of Rorty's position, which advocate naturalizing or reducing the normative dimension of truth. Finally, I will argue that, even though truth has an undeniable social dimension, we do not seem to be able to get rid of it so easily.

The Promoting Reading Among Foreign University Students: The Erasmus Case in the Course Lecturas españolas contemporáneas

Núria Lorente Queralt — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This article presents a study focused on the analysis and promotion of reading within the university context, specifically at the University of Valencia. Its objective is to offer a critical reflection on the reading experiences of a group of twenty foreign students enrolled in the course Lecturas españolas contemporáneas, part of the first-year curriculum in the Bachelor's Degree in Hispanic Studies. Through the use of various questionnaires and assessment tools, the study examines different reader typologies and identifies prevailing conceptions of literature among the students, who are between twenty and twenty-one years of age. In line with the initial aims of the study, the article proposes future lines of research aimed at guiding university instructors in the selection of literary texts that align more closely with the interests and profiles of students enrolled in this course

Approaches to a Minor Literature: An Intensive Map of Rafael Chaparro Madiedo

Aura Melissa Hernández Pinzón — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The article presents an approach to the literary expression of Rafael Chaparro Madiedo from the concept of minor literature developed by Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.

The approach assumes a direct relationship between the notions of becoming, writing block and composition;
assuming that the expressive act associates multiple factors of development that are in constant flux, including with the vital experience of the reader and the writer.

To account for the above, it briefly describes the literary view of the author, his perception of literature and the relationship with the
concepts learned.

Study about prepositions in Romané spoken in Chile: a theoretical-methodological framework, literature review, and analysis of two prepositions

Katheryn Sanzana Cartes, Gastón Salamanca Gutiérrez — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This article presents the theoretical and methodological framework, and literature review, as developed in a study about the prepositions in Romané spoken in Chile. The most prominent aspects of two of these prepositions ―angla and bi― are explained to illustrate the type of analysis carried out (the remaining prepositions will be analysed in future publications). The referential framework follows Haspelmath’s considerations (2009) regarding a flexible theoretical framework as well as the guidelines arising from Garvin’s Functional Empiricism (1979). The study follows a qualitative descriptive approach. The methodology consisted in the reading and analysis of a corpus consisting of the gospels ―Mateo, Marko, Lukas and Juan―, and the books Apostole and Romanos, from the Nuevo Testament Romane (New Testament in Romané) (Sociedad Bíblica, 2007), as well as five traditional texts: three stories (paramíchura) and two songs (lliliá). The prepositions that are proposed in general, together with those examined herein in particular, are analysed in terms of their main uses, with the inclusion of examples, as well as some comments focusing on some prominent topics and some research projections. The article concludes with some considerations, since the general conclusion will be included in another publication, after all proposed prepositions are presented.

Mar rayada, viento o agua: phraseologisms with sea and wind in Spanish and Catalan

Joseph García Rodríguez — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The study of the phraseologisms of two languages allows us to know the specificities of the linguistic systems in contrast and the expressions that make them up. At present, there is still a long way to go in this area, so this article aims to shed light on the peculiarities and similarities of the phraseological units of Spanish and Catalan that contain the voices sea and wind, two words with a high rate of phraseological production in both languages. Data are extracted from different sources and a contrastive examination is carried out using different comparison parameters.

Significant results are obtained that could be applied in the development of future bilingual dictionaries, in translation and even in the teaching of these languages.

Digital tools and active methodologies for online EFL learning during emergency remote learning: Students’ perceptions of an action research approach

Caterin Díaz Vargas, Cristian Sanhueza Campos, Jorge Maluenda Albornoz — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Emergency remote learning in 2020 presented an unforeseen learning environment for both teachers and students. This context had a detrimental impact on the learning process, encompassing various physical and attitudinal factors. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate students’ perceptions on the efficacy of specific digital tools and active methodologies over a 17-week period in enhancing the lexico-grammatical learning of first-year English pedagogy students at a Chilean university. Employing an action research approach, two 50-minute weekly sessions were conducted throughout the 17-week duration. Data were collected through close-ended questions under the action research methodology, using a mixed-method approach. Additionally, a focus group was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the survey findings. The results demonstrated that the learning experience met or exceeded students' expectations (92.84%). The most highly regarded active methodologies included the use of Canvas (µ = 4.42, SD = .99), Immediate Response Systems (µ = 4.32, SD = .80), and Mastery Paths (µ = 4.26, SD = .64). Discussion forums were considered the least favored active methodology (µ = 3.84, SD = 1.09). Moreover, the students expressed a preference for a return to face-to-face classes (57.37%) as opposed to a hybrid (36.84%) or online (5.79%) format.

Verbs as a metagrammatical category. Lexical production and analysis of its internal structure from the complex network approach

Carmela Tomé Cornejo — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

This study analyses lexical production and the internal organization of one of the nuclear categories of universal human grammar: Verbs. A total of 112 native Spanish speakers completed a fluency task with this metatheoretical label as stimulus. Based on their responses, we propose a semantic-grammatical characterization of the most available verbs and we examine the internal structure of the category by constructing a weighted and undirected lexical network.

The results show a high productivity of the category, with well-defined limits, prioritizing the production of forms which, on the one hand, show general processing advantages (primitive two-syllable verbs) and, on the other hand, represent the prototypical theoretical subclasses, with the representative components of an action (events with bivalent argument structure syntactically realized as subject-object). In turn, the lexical network is defined as a small-world network, with short distance between nodes and high local clustering. The centrality of verbs in the network correlates with their age of acquisition, and the imaginability and concreteness of the actions they designate. Regarding its modularity, the division into communities of the network accounts for the weight of semantics in its configuration, as in the associations with greatest weight. All this seems to indicate that Verbs, despite being conceived as an artificially constructed category, has a basis that results from the apprehension of reality and grammatical abstraction. However, it undergoes a partial restructuring because of the formal instruction process that explicitly defines its limits, and this is reflected both in the lexical production it generates and in the internal organization of the category.

‘Not to the reader: to the listener’. On rhythm and free verse in Gonzalo Rojas’ poetry

Ana María Díaz — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Having outlined the debates developed by twentieth century’s free verse theory, the focus of this research is to discover how the lack of a metric pattern in Gonzalo Rojas’ (1916-2011) poetry has led to a genuine sound; acknowledging studies are often based on the topics of his works. Intending to widen the analysis, this study argues that the importance of free verse rhythm in its books is due to its capacity to build a historical meaning, as it was stated in the essays of Henri Meschonnic, and also due to the close association between the form of the poem and life cycles: breathing, heartbeat, blinking. From that relation between rhythm and idea, previously studied by Amado Alonso, this research has aimed to unveil how the recurrence, tension and contrast between phrases, so as the repetition of sound figures and of syntactic structures has become the basis of Rojas’ melody. Thus, the groundwork has started with the analysis of three texts from La miseria del hombre (1948), Materia de testamento (1988) and Diálogo con Ovidio (2000), respectively, specially focusing on his mastering of enjambment. The search of spontaneity and the need of a new rhythmic regularity led the author to design a type of poetry aimed at the listener and with emphasis on its oral nature. It fit with a Latin American post Avant-garde poetry that sought to reverse the scale of values and to add traditionally antipoetic materials to the verse.

Discursive completion tasks (DCT): description, origin, and suggestions for collecting speech samples in L2 phonetics

Karina Cerda Oñate, María Ignacia Urtubia Vergara — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

Discursive completion tasks (now DCT) are frequently used in pragmatics for corpus collection. In the field of phonetics, although its use is not as pervasive, an increase has been observed in recent years. The following review describes the DCT task from the point of view of its origin and structure, as well as refers to the application of this instrument in the field of L1 and L2 pragmatics and phonetics.

To conclude, some suggestions to consider for the collection of oral corpora of L2 learners in the field of phonetics applied to second languages are introduced.

Social stigmatization, recognition and emotions

Helena Modzelewski, Gustavo Pereira — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The concept of stigmatization traditionally presented by Erving Goffman is projected in this article from Axel Honneth's theory of recognition.

The relationality assumed by Goffman is the key that allows this task, which leads to distinguishing between discrimination and stigmatization based on how the motivational structure of individuals is affected through practical relations-to-self, and the emotions associated with these two phenomena, illustrated through literary extracts.

Valparaíso: The new Babel of the Pacific

Patricio Landaeta Mardones , Alexis Candia Cáceres — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

In this article, we study the literature of Valparaiso from the 1906 earthquake to 2020. We propose that the trajectory of the city can be interpreted through the representations of the Tower of Babel in Brueghel's painting and Anthonisz’s engraving, that is, from the tower under construction and the tower in ruins, which allow us to interpret the texts of a series of writers who portray the collapse of the cosmopolitan and thriving city of the nineteenth century. Drawing on geocriticism, philosophy, literary theory, and historiography, we analyze the progressive economic, social, and urban decadence of Valparaíso, a space that ends up becoming a city in ruins in the second part of the 20th century.

Purposes and knowledge in The Interior Castle by saint Teresa of Ávila: towards a reconfiguration of specialized Renaissance discourses from a gender perspective

Patricia Fernández Martín — Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

The aim of this paper is to question the concept of philosophical-theological discourse in the Renaissance period from a gender perspective. To achieve this, the theoretical foundations of the research are first presented, which cover certain interrelationships between specialized language, philosophy-theology and feminine discourse. Next, the three phases of the qualitative methodology used are specified, which follows the terminological studies based on textual genres: a) selection and justification of The Interior Castle by Saint Teresa of Ávila as a study corpus; b) extraction of examples that can be interpreted from a philosophical-theological perspective and c) comparison of these fragments to others from male texts whose inclusion in the philosophical canon no one questions. In the analysis of the corpus, therefore, the results of this third phase are reflected, the extracts of which are shown taking into account, on the one hand, the writing intention and the own and others' expectations in relation to the purpose of the work; and, on the other hand, to the formal and conceptual within discursive knowledge. The main conclusions raise the need to reestablish the limits between the forms and contents of specialized discourses, given the complex communicative strategies acquired by some women when elaborating them within, always, their sociohistorical context.

Reading socialization in public digital reading platforms in Chile

Mon, 02 Jun 2025 00:00:00 -0400

El artículo explora la socialización de la lectura en la Biblioteca Pública Digital y la Biblioteca Digital Escolar, dos plataformas públicas de lectura digital en Chile. Analizando estos entornos de interacción digital, sus affordances y funcionalidades, mediante la noción de código técnico y entrevistas a usuarios, demostramos que la socialización se ve tensionada entre un paradigma que remedia la lectura de lo impreso y otro, propio del medio digital, que facilita el compartir, comentar y publicar. A pesar de las limitaciones impuestas a la socialización de la lectura, los usuarios diseñan estrategias que dan cuenta de una creatividad modular de las prácticas de lectura.

El artículo se pregunta, finalmente, sobre las características que deberían tener las políticas de acceso a la lectura digital.